28 March 2018

Battle of Byeokjegwan — Part 2: aftermath and analysis

MINOR UPDATE JANUARY 25, 2024




After Battle of Byeokjegwan, Ming reportedly suffered 264 deaths, 49 injured, and lost 276 horses (Translator's Note: It should be noted that most of the Ming casualties were inflicted on Li Ru Song's 1,000-strong retinue cavalry. This means nearly 33% of his men were taken out). Li You Sheng (李有升), one of the loyal retainers of Li Ru Song renowned for his bravery, also fell in battle. Unlike Ming, Japanese records did not provide reliable casualty figures for this battle. However, an inspection report after Japanese army retreated to the southern coasts of Korea revealed the remaining strength of some of the participants of Battle of Byeokjegwan. Discounting Suetsugu Motoyasu and Kikkawa Hiroie (who were not included in the inspection), the remaining strength of Japanese forces is given in the short list below:

  • Kobayakawa Takakage: 6,600 men (was 8,000 before the battle) 

    (Translator's Note: This is actually a mistake on the original author's part. Kobayakawa Takakage initially brought 5,000 men to Korea. The size of his army actually grew by 1,600 after Battle of Byeokjegwan because he received new reinforcement from Japan)

  • Kobayakawa Hidekane: 400 men (out of 1,500 men originally from Nagoya Castle)

  • Tachibana Muneshige and Takahashi Munemasu: 1,133 men and 290 men respectively (Tachibana siblings had around 3,000 men combined before the battle)

    (Translator's Note: This appears to be a typo on the original author's part. The number recorded in Nihon Senshi is 1,132, not 1,133)

  • Tsukushi Hirokado: 330 men (out of 900 men originally from Nagoya Castle)

21 March 2018

Battle of Byeokjegwan — Part 1: a detailed reconstruction

Per Gunsen History's request, let's talk about Imjin War!

I rarely write about Imjin War topic. Truth be told I don't recall ever written anything about it in this blog, as various sources and analyses usually contradict each other, making the prospect of doing an through overview on the subject difficult. I also lack academic expertise, time, and resource to do independent research on my own.

That being said, I am well aware of the scarcity of English-language resources on this subject. To make matters worse, most English resources do not make use of many Chinese primary sources, thus painting an incomplete and often biased picture on the war.

Luckily, there has been growing interest in Imjin War from China as well, especially among the Mainland Chinese netizens. I often find their studies on Imjin War highly comprehensive and informative, as what they lacked in professional academic training they more than made up with access to vastly greater range of primary and secondary sources, mastery of all the languages used in these sources (namely Chinese and Japanese, as most ancient Korean documents were also written in Chinese), better understanding of the cultural quirks and norms of the period (being Chinese and all), deeper focus, and attention to details, as the following reconstruction of Battle of Byeokjegwan will show.

Before I start though, I should reiterate that this article is NOT written by me — I merely translated it to English (with some heavy formatting on my part) for wider audience. The original Chinese articles can be found here and here.




『吾兵雖云乘勝,實遠來疲罷。倭奴集各道之兵与王京,且有以虎視石之戒,正未可輕敵也。』
"Although our troops appear to be on high morale (following the victory at Pyongyang), in reality they are already weary from the long march. The Japanese are recalling their troops from various provinces to the Capital, so we should heed to the wisdom of  'assigning a tiger to keep watch on a stone', and not to underestimate them."

25 February 2018

Dao Ma Huo She Shen Gun (倒馬火蛇神棍)

UPDATED MAY 24, 2022


Ming Chinese handgonne-fire lance
Two Dao Ma Huo She Shen Gun, from 'Wu Bei Zhi (《武備志》)'.
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