UNARMED
Bai Da Yao Pu (《白打要譜》, lit. 'Essential manual on bare-handed boxing')
An unarmed combat manual redacted by Wang Bo Yan (王伯言). Unfortunately, not much else is known about this manual.
Zhao Jia Quan (趙家拳, lit. 'Fist of House Zhao')
An unarmed combat style mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》). Its curriculum included thirty-six stances of Zhao Tai Zu Shen Quan (趙太祖神拳, lit. 'Thirty-six stances divine fist of Emperor Taizu'), also known as Zhao Tai Zu Chang Quan (趙太祖長拳, lit. 'Emperor Taizu's long fist'), twenty-four stances of Wu Hu Xia Xi Chuang Quan (蕪湖下西川拳, lit. 'Wu Hu flowing down the western river fist'), and six roads of Mo Ling Guan Da Han Tong Zhang Quan (秣陵關打韓童掌拳, lit. 'Palm and fist of hitting Han Tong at Muling Pass').
Nan Quan (南拳, lit. 'Southern fist')
An unarmed combat style mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》), which apparently only had four roads. It was the progenitor of the entire Nanquan school of Chinese martial arts.
Bei Quan (北拳, lit. 'Northern fist')
An unarmed combat style with four roads mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).
Xi Jia Quan (西家拳, lit. 'Fist of House Xi')
An unarmed combat style first mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》). Modern Hong Quan (紅拳, lit. 'Red fist') lineages claim descend from Xi Jia Quan.
Wen Jia Quan (溫家拳, lit. 'Fist of House Wen')
An unarmed combat style which was apparently quite famous during Ming period, and referenced in multiple military treatises. The style included Qi Shi Er Xing Quan (七十二行拳, lit. 'Seventy-two walking fists'), San Shi Liu He Suo (三十六合鎖, lit. 'Thirty-six combining locks') and Er Shi Si Xun Tui (二十四棄尋腿, lit. 'Twenty-four seeking kicks'), Shi Er Duan (十二短, lit. 'Twelve short strikes'), and Ba Shan Fan (八閃番, lit. 'Eight tumbling dodges' or 'Eight rapid dodges'). It was also known as Wen Jia Gou Gua Quan (溫家鈎掛拳, lit. 'Hooking and hanging fist of House Wen').
Modern Chuo Jiao Fan Zi Quan (戳脚翻子拳) may be descended from Ba Shan Fan.
Modern Chuo Jiao Fan Zi Quan (戳脚翻子拳) may be descended from Ba Shan Fan.
Sun Jia Pi Gua Quan (孫家披掛拳, lit. 'Wearing and hanging fist of House Sun')
An unarmed combat style with four roads mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》). Its relationship with modern Pigua style is unclear.
Zhang Fei Shen Quan (張飛神拳, lit. 'Divine fist of Zhang Fei')
An unarmed combat style with four roads attributed to Zhang Fei (張飛). Mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).
Ba Wang Quan (霸王拳, lit. 'Hegemon-king fist')
An unarmed combat style with seven roads attributed to Xiang Yu (項羽). Mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).
Hou Quan (猴拳, lit. 'Monkey fist')
An unarmed combat style with thirty-six roads mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).
Tong Zi Bai Guan Yin Shen Quan (童子拜觀音神拳, lit. 'Divine fist of child worshipping Guanyin')
An unarmed combat style mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).
Jiu Gun Shi Ba Die Duo Na (九滾十八跌䙤拿, lit. 'Nine rolls, eighteen throws grapple')
A grappling style mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).
Mian Zhang Duan Da (綿章短打, lit. 'Short strikes of Mian Zhang')
An unarmed style focused on short strikes. It was one of the many martial arts incorporated by Qi Ji Guang (戚繼光) into his Quan Jing system.
Lu Hong Ba Xia (呂紅八下, lit. 'Eight strikes of Lu Hong')
An unarmed style mentioned by Qi Ji Guang (戚繼光) in his military treatise Ji Xiao Xin Shu (《紀效新書》). Chinese martial arts historian and Ma Family Tongbei (馬氏通備) master professor Ma Ming Da (馬明達) thinks that Lu Hong Ba Xia may be an early predecessor of Bajiquan.
Jiu Nei Hong Ba Xia (九內紅八下, lit. 'Nine inner red eight strikes')
An unarmed style mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》). May be related to Lu Hong Ba Xia (see above).
ONE-HANDED SABRE
Unnamed double sabre techniques of Lady Wa (瓦氏夫人)
Double sabre techniques attributed to Lady Wa (瓦氏夫人), famous leader of the Lang Bing (狼兵), and her twenty-four elite bodyguards. Taught to Wu Shu (吳殳) by Xiang Yuan Chi (項元池), Wu Shu would later modify it with sword techniques from Yu Yang Lao Ren (漁陽老人).TWO-HANDED SABRE
Unnamed two-handed sabre techniques of Guo Wu (郭武 or 郭五)
Two-handed sabre techniques used by Guo Wu, a rather famous martial artist from Bozhou. Cheng Zong You (程宗猷), who was a contemporary of Guo Wu and witnessed him performing his arts, considered Guo Wu's techniques a direct adaptation of Shao Lin Gun Fa (少林棍法) and were sophisticated and praiseworthy, yet still inferior to Japanese-taught techniques of Liu Yun Feng (劉雲峰).
ONE-HANDED SWORD
Unnamed double sword techniques from Wu Bian Qian Ji (《武編前集》)
A series of short verses containing instructions on swordplays (or sword dance) using two swords. These verses were apparently not well-understood even by contemporary Ming Chinese. Mao Yuan Yi (茅元儀) later compiled an incomplete version of these verses together with the manual of Chao Xian Shi Fa (朝鮮勢法).Chuang Bing Jian Shu (川兵劍術, lit. 'Swordsmanship of Sichuanese troops')
Unnamed sword style used by Ming troops of Sichuanese origin. The style left a deep impression on the Koreans during Imjin War, and they likened the effectiveness of Sichuanese style to that of Japanese swordsmanship.Bian Zhuang Zhi Fen Jiao Fa (卞莊之紛絞法, lit. 'Feng Zhuang's jumbling techniques')
Sword techniques attributed to Bian Zhuang Zi (卞莊子), a Spring and Autumn period swordsman famous for killing two tigers with one sword.Wang Ju Zhi Qi Luo Fa (王聚之起落法, lit. 'Wang Ju's rise and fall techniques')
Sword techniques attributed to Wang Ju (王聚).Liu Xian Zhu Zhi Gu Ying Fa (劉先主之顧應法, lit. 'Former lord Liu's attend and response techniques')
Sword techniques attributed to Liu Bei (劉備), warlord and later emperor of Shu Han (蜀漢) during Three Kingdom period. In the Romance, he famously wielded a pair of swords.Ma Ming Wang Zhi Shan Dian Fa (馬明王之閃電法, lit. 'Wisdom King Ma's lightning techniques')
Sword techniques attributed to Ma Ming Wang (馬明王), a Chinese folk deity often associated with silk farming.Ma Chao Zhi Chu Shou Fa (馬超之出手法, lit. 'Ma Chao's draw techniques')
Sword techniques attributed to Ma Qi (馬超), one of the Five Tiger Generals that served Liu Bei.TWO-HANDED SWORD
Jing Chu Chang Jian (荊楚長劍, lit. 'Long Sword of Jingchu')
A two-handed sword style passed down by Li Liang Qin (李良欽) to Yu Da You (俞大猷). It may actually be a quarterstaff style known as Yu Jia Gun (俞家棍).QUARTERSTAFF
He Nan Gun (河南棍, lit. 'Quarterstaff of Henan')
Mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Chou Hai Tu Bian (《籌海圖編》), He Nan Gun possibly refers to a school of quarterstaff martial arts originated from Henan Province that contained numerous traditions and styles. Presumably, Zhao Tai Zu Teng She Gun (趙太祖騰蛇棍, see below), He Tu Gou Gan (賀屠鉤杆, see below),Xi Shan Niu Jia Ying Dan Tou (西山牛家硬單頭, see below) and An Hou Sun Jia Bang (安猴孫家棒, see below) were all under this school.Although Shaolin Temple is also located in Henan Province, Shaolin-style quarterstaff was apparently considered a separate school.
Zhao Tai Zu Teng She Gun (趙太祖騰蛇棍, lit. 'Emperor Taizu's flying serpent quarterstaff')
Quarterstaff techniques attributed to Emperor Taizu of Song. Mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).He Tu Gou Gan (賀屠鉤杆, lit. 'Hooked pole of Butcher He')
Quarterstaff techniques presumably attributed to an anonymous person known as Butcher He (賀屠). Mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Xi Shan Niu Jia Ying Dan Tou (西山牛家硬單頭, lit. 'Hard single-headed quarterstaff of House Niu of Western Mountains')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》). It was also known as Niu Jia Gun (西山牛家棒, lit. 'Quarterstaff of House Niu of Western Mountains') in Zhen Ji (《陣紀》) written by He Liang Chen (何良臣).An Hou Sun Jia Bang (安猴孫家棒)/Sun Jia Bang (孫家棒, lit. 'Quarterstaff of House Sun')
A quarterstaff style mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》), widely practiced by the people of Huai Qing (淮慶, present-day Qinyang city, Henan).Sun Jia Yin Shou Gun (孫家陰手棍, lit. 'Negative grip quarterstaff of House Sun')
A quarterstaff style mentioned in Shao Lin Gun Fa Chan Zong (《少林棍法闡宗》). Its relationship with An Hou Sun Jia Bang (安猴孫家棒, see above) as well as Shaolin version of Yin Shou Gun (陰手棍) is unclear.Yin Shou Duan Gun (陰手短棍, lit. 'Negative grip short staff')
A quarterstaff style with twelve roads mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》). Its relationship with other versions of Ying Shou Gun (陰手棍) is unclear.Shao Lin Gun (少林棍, lit. 'Shaolin quarterstaff')
Shao Lin Gun was another prominent school of quarterstaff martial arts that contained numerous traditions and styles. Despite its name, Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) commented that it was commonly practiced by warrior monks from Funiu Mountains. It should be note that although the original teachings of many Shaolin styles listed here were lost, Shaolin school and quarterstaff techniques as a whole survived relatively intact in integrated and streamlined form in the manual Shao Lin Gun Fa Cang Zong (《少林棍法闡宗》) written by Cheng Zong You (程宗猷).Zuo Shao Lin Gun (左少林棍, lit. 'Left Shaolin quarterstaff')
A Shaolin quarterstaff style mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).You Shao Lin Gun (右少林棍, lit. 'Right Shaolin quarterstaff')
A Shaolin quarterstaff style mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》). Presumably, it was simply a mirrored stance version of Zuo Shao Lin Gun (左少林棍).Da Xun Hai Ye Cha Gun (大巡海夜叉棍, lit. 'Great sea-patrolling yaksha quarterstaff')
A Shaolin quarterstaff style mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Xiao Xun Hai Ye Cha Gun (小巡海夜叉棍, lit. 'Small sea-patrolling yaksha quarterstaff')
A Shaolin quarterstaff style mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Da Huo Lin Gun (大火林棍, lit. 'Great fire forest quarterstaff')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Xiao Huo Lin Gun (小火林棍, lit. 'Small fire forest quarterstaff')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Guan Yin Da Nao Nan Hai Shen Gun (觀音大鬧南海神棍, lit. 'Guanyin causing havoc in Southern Sea quarterstaff')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Xue Bang Sou Shan Gun (雪棒搜山棍, lit. 'Snow staff mountain-searching quarterstaff')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Da Ba Bang Feng Mo Gun (大八棒風磨棍, lit. 'Great eight staves Feng Mo quarterstaff')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Xiao Ba Bang Feng Mo Gun (小八棒風磨棍, lit. 'Small eight staves Feng Mo quarterstaff')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Shi Ba Mian Mai Fu Zi Wei Shan Tiao Zi (十八面埋伏紫薇山條子, lit. 'Eighteen side ambush Zi Wei Mountain quarterstaff')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》). It was also known as Zi Wei Shan Gun (紫薇山棍, lit. 'Zi Wei Mountain quarterstaff') in the book Zhen Ji (《陣紀》) written by He Liang Chen (何良臣).Tong Xu Sun Zhang Jia Gun (通虛孫張家棍, lit. 'Tong Xu Sun's quarterstaff of House Zhang')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》). It was also known as Zhang Jia Gun (張家棍, lit. 'Quarterstaff of House Zhang') in the book Zhen Ji (《陣紀》) written by He Liang Chen (何良臣).Er Lang Bang (二郎棒, lit. 'Er Lang's quarterstaff')
Quarterstaff techniques attributed to Er Lang Shen (二郎神), a river and war deity in Chinese folk religion. Mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Wu Lang Bang (五郎棒, lit. 'Wu Lang's quarterstaff')
Quarterstaff techniques attributed to Yang Yen De (楊延德), a fictionalised, semi-mythical general of the Song Dynasty. Mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Da Liu Bang Jin Chan Shen (大六棒緊纏身, lit. 'Big six staves tightly wrapping the body')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Zuo Shou Tiao Zi (左手條子, lit. 'Left-handed stick')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).You Shou Tiao Zi (右手條子, lit. 'Right-handed stick')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Bian Lan Tiao Zi (邊欄條子, lit. 'Side-block stick')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Xue Cha Liu Tiao Zi (雪搽柳條子, lit. 'Snow-covered willow stick')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Kua Hu Tiao Zi (跨虎條子, lit. 'Tiger-crossing stick')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Gun Shou Tiao Zi (滾手條子, lit. 'Rolling hand stick')
Quarterstaff techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Qing Tian Gun (青田棍, lit. 'Qingtian quarterstaff')
A quarterstaff style mentioned by Qi Ji Guang (戚繼光) in his military treatise Ji Xiao Xin Shu (《紀效新書》), as well as several other books. It was closely related to Shao Lin Gun Fa (少林棍法). Qing Tian Gun was apparently still practiced during Qing period, and may have survived until Republican era, but gradually went extinct.Ba Zi Quan Gun (巴子拳棍, lit. 'Fist and staff of Ba Zi')
Another quarterstaff style mentioned in Ji Xiao Xin Shu (《紀效新書》). Some modern Bajiquan practitioners consider Ba Zi Quan Gun to be the progenitor or ancient form of their arts, although this view is difficult to prove (as Ba Zi Quan Gun already went extinct) and challenged by historians.SPEAR & PIKE
Li Jia Duan Qiang (李家短鎗, lit. 'Short spear of House Li')
Short spear style mentioned by He Liang Chen (何良臣) in his book Zhen Ji (《陣紀》).Sha Jia Gan Zi (沙家竿子, lit. 'Pole of House Sha')
Also known as Sha Jia Qiang (沙家鎗, lit. 'Spear of House Sha') or Sha Jia Shi Ba Xia Dao Shou Gan Zi (沙家十八下倒手竿子, lit. 'Eighteen flipped hand pole of House Sha'), this is a spear style that utilises a one zhang eight chi to two zhang four chi bamboo pike. It put great emphasis on footwork.Han Shi Qiang Fa (韓氏鎗法, lit. 'Spear techniques of Han Family')
Spear techniques of Han Jing Yu (韓晶宇) and his son. Shi Jing Yan (石敬岩), master of Wu Shu (吳殳), briefly studied from them.He Nan Qiang Fa (河南鎗法, lit. 'Spear techniques from Henan')
A spear style probably related to Yang Jia Qiang (楊家鎗, lit. 'Spear of House Yang') that utilises a particularly heavy pike. One of the more well known users of this style was Li Ke Fu (李克復), master of Cheng Zong You (程宗猷). Cheng Zong You's Cha Kou Qiang (汊口鎗) was based on this style.Qi Ji Guang (戚繼光) criticised this style as "excelled at spear handling but lacking in footwork". However his opinion was later refuted by Cheng Zong You.
Jin Jia Qiang (金家鎗, lit. 'Spear of House Jin')
A spear style mentioned by Zheng Ruo Ceng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經略》). According to Wu Shu (吳殳), it apparently went extinct by the time Wu Shu wrote down Shou Bi Lu (《手臂錄》) during early Qing period.Zhang Fei Shen Qiang (張飛神鎗, lit. 'Divine spear of Zhang Fei')
Spear techniques attributed to Zhang Fei (張飛), sworn brother of Liu Bei and one of his Five Tiger Generals. According to Wu Shu (吳殳), it apparently went extinct by the time Wu Shu wrote Shou Bi Lu (《手臂錄》) during early Qing period.Wu Xian Shen Qiang (五顯神鎗, lit. 'Divine spear of Wu Xian')
Spear techniques attributed to Wu Xian Da Di (五顯大帝), five Chinese folk deities associated with wealth. Also known as Hua Qiang Qi Shi Er Shi (花鎗七十二勢, lit. 'Seventy-two stances of Flowery Spear'). According to Wu Shu (吳殳), it apparently went extinct by the time Wu Shu wrote Shou Bi Lu (《手臂錄》) during early Qing period.POLEARM
Xiong Niu Chu Zhen Pa (雄牛出陣鈀, lit. 'A bull goes to battle rake')
Tang Pa (钂鈀) techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Shan Men Qi Mai Fu Pa (山門七埋伏鈀, lit. 'Seven ambushes of mountain gate rake')
Tang Pa (钂鈀) techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Fan Wang Dao Jiao Pa (番王倒角鈀, lit. 'Barbarian king with reverse horns rake')
Tang Pa (钂鈀) techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Zhi Xing Hu Pa (直行虎鈀, lit. 'Straight-walking tiger rake')
Tang Pa (钂鈀) techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).Shao Lan Gen Jin Pa (稍欄跟進鈀, lit. 'Tip-blocking and follow up rake')
Tang Pa (钂鈀) techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Jiang Nan Jing Lue (《江南經畧》).San Shi Liu Dao Fa (三十六刀法, lit. 'Thirty-six glaive techniques')
Yan Yue Dao (偃月刀) techniques mentioned by Zheng Ruo Zeng (鄭若曾) in his book Chou Hai Tu Bian (《籌海圖編》). Also known by the name San Shi Liu Zheng Dao (三十六正刀, lit. 'Thirty-six straightforward glaive (techniques)') by He Liang Chen (何良臣).Er Shi Si Shan Fu (二十四閃伏, lit. 'Twenty-four dodges and ambushes')
Twenty-four additional unorthodox Yan Yue Dao (偃月刀) techniques mentioned by He Liang Chen to go with the above.